The International Treaty on Plant Genetic
Resources for Food and Agriculture (ITPGRFA) was adopted at the
Thirty-first Session of the Conference of the Food and Agriculture Organization
of the United Nations (FAO) in Rome 3 November 2001. It entered into force 29
June 2004, and is the first legally binding agreement exclusively pertaining to
the management of plant genetic resources for food and agriculture. Its
objectives are the conservation and sustainable use of these resources, and the
fair and equitable sharing of the benefits arising from their use in
harmony with the Convention on Biological
Diversity (CBD) for sustainable agriculture and food security. The
most important benefit is that of access to these vital resources for food and
agriculture. The core of the International Treaty is a Multilateral System of
Access and Benefit Sharing concerning 35 food crops and 29 forage plants that
are under the management and control of the Contracting Parties and in the
public domain.